The I/O from an instance of SQL Server is divided into logical and physical I/O. A logical read occurs every time the database engine requests a page from the buffer cache. If the page is not currently in the buffer cache, a physical read is then performed to read the page into the buffer cache. If... » read more
FillFactor is how much free space Microsoft leaves available in the index pages so that if an insert or an update happens, mainly an update, where the data grows, you don’t want those page splits to be within a row. So, FILLFACTOR can reduce your fragmentation. Typically on systems that see a lot of updates... » read more
Nonclustered indexes are secondary indexes used to help the performance of queries not served by the clustered index. You’re typically going to want to add a nonclustered index to the column that’s in your WHERE clause and your most commonly run queries. You want to use these involved on columns that are in joins and... » read more
In some scenarios, it might be beneficial to not have a clustered index on a table. E.T.L. staging tables is one scenario that you might not want to have a clustered index. We’re loading into a data warehouse a few times a day, and that could be hundreds of thousands of records at a time,... » read more
A heap is a table without a clustered index. One or more nonclustered indexes can be created on tables stored as a heap. Data is stored in the heap without specifying an order. Usually data is initially stored in the order in which is the rows are inserted into the table, but the Database Engine... » read more
There are two types of temporary tables that you’ll use: local and global, and these have a specific designation. Local tables are designated with one pound sign and global temporary tables are designated with two pound signs. If you create a table that doesn’t have a pound sign, or two pound signs, in front of... » read more
SQL Server stores data in 8K pages. The narrower your rows are, so, for example, if you had a table that was just simply an integer in a varchar, the more rows will fit on a single page. SQL Server reads those pages off of disk and into memory in order to service your queries... » read more
GUIDs or unique identifiers have the benefit of being globally unique across machines and databases. This gives us a tremendous benefit in that we know that we’re always going to have a unique value. It’s composed partially of a seed that starts with the MAC address of the computer it’s on, and then the time... » read more
Avoid storing files in the database Makes database size very hard to manage. Backups and restore. Instead store files else where and store pointers to files in the database. Avoid storing business logic in the database Hard to maintain. Example: don’t use database to send emails or move files. Move business logic to application layer.... » read more
SET STATISTICS IO, TIME ON Statistics IO is going to give us the number of IO operations that SQL Server’s going to do to service our queries, and it’s going to break that down by logical reads from memory and physical reads from disk. The time statistic is just going to give us the actual... » read more